Learn C, C++ Programming

•  String represents a group of character.
• In java, string is an object of String class in java.lang package but in C language, it is an array of characters in which the last character is ‘’.
• Java has character array too but String is a class. String is also a data type since a class is also called user defined data type.

Syntax :

where, ‘welcome’ is a variable to store the data which is of type ‘String’. Thus a group of characters is assigned to the variable ‘welcome’ . As already mentioned, String is a class, therefore an object of type String is created and referenced by a variable ‘welcome’.

We have another way of creating String by using new operator as

The string ‘hello’ is assigned to the String variable ‘welcome’.

public class StringExample
{
 public static void main(String args[])
   {
      char arr[] = { 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'};
      String welcome = new String(arr);
      System.out.println( welcome ); 
   } 
}

This would produce following result:

Output:

 Note: String class is made ‘final’ class. Strings are constant which means, their values cannot be changed once they are created.

String Class Methods:

int length(): To find the lenth of a string.
s.length(); gives the length of string s.

import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;

public class StringLengthExample{
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
  BufferedReader bf = 
  new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
  System.out.println("Enter a string to find its length: ");
  String s = bf.readLine();
  int length = s.length();
  System.out.println("length of string is : " + length);
  }
}

Output:

String concat(String s): To concatenate or join two strings.
String s3 = s1.concat(s2);  String s1 and s2 are concatenated or joined and the resulting String is stored in String object s3.

import java.io.*;

public class StringConcatExample{
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
  BufferedReader bf = 
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
  System.out.println("Enter Your First String:");
  String s1 = bf.readLine();
  System.out.println("Enter Your Second String:");
  String s2 = bf.readLine();

  String s3 = s1.concat(s2);
  System.out.println("Concatenated string is: " + s3);
  }
}

Output:

Pls refer the below link to explore more String methods.
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/String.html#method_detail

 Strings are immutable:

Strings are immutabe which means, their value cannot be changed once they are created. But if we try to modify the contents of a String object, then the JVM will modify the content and store it in a new object instead of the original object. The original object will remain unmodified.

public class StringExample
{
 public static void main(String args[])
   {
        String s = "XYZ";
        s = s.toLowerCase();
        System.out.println( s ); 
   }
}

Output:

When you see the output of the program, it looks like the String s is modified. But what happened is that the original object remains unchanged and a new object is created with the modified data during its construction and the variable s refers to the newly created object.
But there are some conditions where we will need mutable Strings and is achieved by StringBuffer which we will discuss in the next chapter.
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